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What Is a Born Again Christian?

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This article is about the Christian term. For other uses, meet Born Once more.

Evangelical Christian term

Born again, or to feel the new nascency, is a phrase, specially in evangelicalism, that refers to a "spiritual rebirth", or a regeneration of the human being spirit. In contrast to 1'south physical nativity, being "born once again" is distinctly and separately caused by baptism in the Holy Spirit, it is not caused past baptism in water. Information technology is a core doctrine of the denominations of the Methodist, Quaker, Baptist, and Pentecostal Churches along with all other evangelical Christian denominations. All of these Churches strongly believe Jesus' words in the Gospels: "You must be built-in again earlier yous can see, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven." Their doctrines besides mandate that to be both "born again" and "saved", one must have a personal and intimate human relationship with Jesus Christ.[1] [2] [3] [four] [5] [6]

In contemporary Christian usage and autonomously from evangelicalism, the term is distinct from similar terms which are sometimes used in Christianity in reference to a person who is being or becoming a Christian. This usage of the term is usually linked to baptism with water and the related doctrine of baptismal regeneration. Individuals who profess to be "born again" (meaning in the "Holy Spirit") often state that they have a "personal relationship with Jesus Christ".[vii] [5] [six]

In add-on to using this phrase with those who do not profess to be Christians, some Evangelical Christians use the phrase and evangelize those who belong to other Christian denominations or groups. This do is based on the belief that non-Evangelical Christians, even those Christians who are professed Christians, are non "born once again" and do not have a "personal relationship with Jesus." They therefore believe that they should deliver to not-Evangelical Christians in the same way that they would deliver to people who practice not profess the Christian faith.

The phrase "built-in again" is as well used as an adjective to depict individual members of the motion who espouse this conventionalities, and it is also used equally an adjective to describe the movement itself ("born-over again Christian" and the "born-again motion").

Origin [edit]

Jesus and Nicodemus painting by Alexander Bida, 1874

The term is derived from an upshot in the Gospel of John in which the words of Jesus were not understood by a Jewish pharisee, Nicodemus.

Jesus replied, "Very truly I tell you, no one can run into the kingdom of God unless they are born again." "How can someone be built-in when they are one-time?" Nicodemus asked. "Surely they cannot enter a 2d fourth dimension into their female parent'due south womb to be built-in!" Jesus answered, "Very truly I tell you, no 1 can enter the kingdom of God unless they are born of water and the Spirit."

—Gospel of John, John chapter 3, verses three–5, NIV[8]

The Gospel of John was written in Koine Greek, and the original text is ambiguous which results in a double entendre that Nicodemus misunderstands. The discussion translated as once again is ἄνωθεν (ánōtʰen), which could mean either "over again", or "from above".[9] The double entendre is a effigy of speech that the gospel writer uses to create cliffhanger or misunderstanding in the hearer; the misunderstanding is then clarified by either Jesus or the narrator. Nicodemus takes only the literal meaning from Jesus's argument, while Jesus clarifies that he ways more of a spiritual rebirth from above. English translations have to option i sense of the phrase or another; the NIV, Rex James Version, and Revised Version use "built-in once more", while the New Revised Standard Version[10] and the New English Translation[11] prefer the "born from to a higher place" translation.[12] Most versions will note the culling sense of the phrase anōthen in a footnote.

Edwyn Hoskyns argues that "built-in from in a higher place" is to be preferred as the key meaning and he drew attending to phrases such every bit "birth of the Spirit",[xiii] "birth from God",[14] simply maintains that this necessarily carries with it an accent upon the newness of the life every bit given by God himself.[15]

The final use of the phrase occurs in the Offset Epistle of Peter, rendered in the King James Version equally:

Seeing ye accept purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned dear of the brethren, [see that ye] honey one another with a pure middle fervently: / Being built-in again, non of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever.

—1 Peter 1:22-23[16]

Here, the Greek word translated every bit "born again" is ἀναγεγεννημένοι ( anagegennēménoi ).[17]

Interpretations [edit]

The traditional Jewish agreement of the promise of salvation is interpreted as beingness rooted in "the seed of Abraham"; that is, physical lineage from Abraham. Jesus explained to Nicodemus that this doctrine was in error—that every person must take two births—natural nascence of the physical body and some other of the h2o and the spirit.[18] This discourse with Nicodemus established the Christian belief that all human beings—whether Jew or Gentile—must be "built-in once again" of the spiritual seed of Christ. The Apostle Peter further reinforced this understanding in 1 Peter i:23.[19] [17] The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "[a] controversy existed in the primitive church over the interpretation of the expression the seed of Abraham. It is [the Apostle Paul'due south] education in one instance that all who are Christ's by faith are Abraham'south seed, and heirs according to promise. He is concerned, yet, with the fact that the promise is not being fulfilled to the seed of Abraham (referring to the Jews)."[20]

Charles Hodge writes that "The subjective alter wrought in the soul by the grace of God, is variously designated in Scripture" with terms such equally new birth, resurrection, new life, new creation, renewing of the mind, dying to sin and living to righteousness, and translation from darkness to lite.[21]

Jesus used the "birth" analogy in tracing spiritual newness of life to a divine commencement. Contemporary Christian theologians have provided explanations for "born from above" being a more accurate translation of the original Greek word transliterated anōthen. [22] Theologian Frank Stagg cites two reasons why the newer translation is significant:

  1. The emphasis "from above" (implying "from Heaven") calls attention to the source of the "newness of life". Stagg writes that the word "once more" does not include the source of the new kind of showtime;
  2. More than personal improvement is needed. "a new destiny requires a new origin, and the new origin must be from God."[23]

An early example of the term in its more modernistic use appears in the sermons of John Wesley. In the sermon entitled A New Birth he writes, "none can be holy unless he exist born again", and "except he be born again, none tin exist happy even in this world. For ... a man should not be happy who is not holy." Too, "I say, [a man] may be born again and so get an heir of salvation." Wesley also states infants who are baptized are built-in once more, but for adults it is different:

our church supposes, that all who are baptized in their infancy, are at the same time born once more. ... But ... it is sure all of riper years, who are baptized, are not at the same time built-in once again.[24]

A Unitarian work called The Gospel Anchor noted in the 1830s that the phrase was not mentioned by the other Evangelists, nor by the Apostles except Peter. "It was not regarded by whatsoever of the Evangelists only John of sufficient importance to record." It adds that without John, "we should hardly have known that it was necessary for one to be born once more." This suggests that "the text and context was meant to employ to Nicodemus especially, and not to the world."[25]

Historicity [edit]

Scholars of historical Jesus, that is, attempting to ascertain how closely the stories of Jesus friction match the historical events they are based on, by and large treat Jesus's conversation with Nicodemus in John 3 with skepticism. It details what is presumably a private conversation between Jesus and Nicodemus, with none of the disciples seemingly attention, making it unclear how a record of this conversation was acquired. In addition, the conversation is recorded in no other ancient Christian source other than John and works based on John.[26] According to Bart Ehrman, the larger outcome is that the aforementioned problem English translations of the Bible take with the Greek ἄνωθεν (anōthen) is a problem in the Aramaic language too: there is no single word in Aramaic that means both "again" and "from above", yet the conversation rests on Nicodemus making this misunderstanding.[27] As the conversation was between ii Jews in Jerusalem, where Aramaic was the native language, there is no reason to think that they'd have spoken in Greek.[26] This implies that even if based on a real conversation, the author of John heavily modified it to include Greek wordplay and idiom.[26]

Denominational positions [edit]

The Oxford Handbook of Organized religion and American Politics notes: "The GSS ... has asked a born-again question on three occasions ... 'Would you say you have been 'built-in once again' or have had a 'born-again' experience?" The Handbook says that "Evangelical, black, and Latino Protestants tend to reply similarly, with about two-thirds of each group answering in the affirmative. In contrast, only well-nigh one 3rd of mainline Protestants and one 6th of Catholics (Anglo and Latino) claim a born-again feel." However, the handbook suggests that "born-again questions are poor measures fifty-fifty for capturing evangelical respondents. ... it is likely that people who report a born-again experience also claim information technology as an identity."[28]

Catholicism [edit]

Historically, the archetype text from John iii was consistently interpreted by the early on church fathers as a reference to baptism.[29] Modern Cosmic interpreters accept noted that the phrase 'born from above' or 'born once again'[30] is clarified as 'being born of h2o and Spirit'.[31]

Catholic commentator John F. McHugh notes, "Rebirth, and the commencement of this new life, are said to come almost ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, of h2o and spirit. This phrase (without the article) refers to a rebirth which the early Church regarded as taking place through baptism."[32]

The Canon of the Catholic Church building (CCC) notes that the essential elements of Christian initiation are: "proclamation of the Word, acceptance of the Gospel entailing conversion, profession of faith, Baptism itself, and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and admission to Eucharistic communion."[33] Baptism gives the person the grace of forgiveness for all prior sins; it makes the newly baptized person a new creature and an adopted son of God;[34] it incorporates them into the Body of Christ[35] and creates a sacramental bond of unity leaving an indelible mark on our souls.[36] "Incorporated into Christ past Baptism, the person baptized is configured to Christ. Baptism seals the Christian with the indelible spiritual mark (character) of his belonging to Christ. No sin can erase this mark, even if sin prevents Baptism from bearing the fruits of conservancy. Given one time for all, Baptism cannot be repeated."[37] The Holy Spirit is involved with each attribute of the motion of grace. "The first work of the grace of the Holy Spirit is conversion. ... Moved past grace, man turns toward God and away from sin, thus accepting forgiveness and righteousness from on high."[38]

The Cosmic Church also teaches that under special circumstances the demand for water baptism can be superseded past the Holy Spirit in a 'baptism of desire', such as when catechumens die or are martyred prior to receiving baptism.[39]

Pope John Paul 2 wrote in Catechesi Tradendae well-nigh "the problem of children baptized in infancy [who] come up for catechesis in the parish without receiving whatever other initiation into the faith and however without whatever explicit personal attachment to Jesus Christ.".[40] He noted that "being a Christian means maxim 'yes' to Jesus Christ, but allow u.s. remember that this 'yes' has ii levels: It consists of surrendering to the word of God and relying on it, but information technology also ways, at a afterward stage, endeavoring to know ameliorate—and better the profound meaning of this give-and-take."[41]

The modernistic expression being "built-in again" is really about the concept of "conversion".

The National Directory of Catechesis (published by the U.s.a. Conference of Catholic Bishops, USCCB) defines conversion as, "the credence of a personal relationship with Christ, a sincere adherence to him, and a willingness to conform one's life to his."[42] To put it more simply "Conversion to Christ involves making a genuine commitment to him and a personal determination to follow him as his disciple."[42]

Echoing the writings of Pope John Paul II, the National Directory of Catechesis describes a new intervention required by our modern world chosen the "New Evangelization". The New Evangelization is directed to the Church herself, to the baptized who were never finer evangelized before, to those who have never made a personal commitment to Christ and the Gospel, to those formed by the values of the secular culture, to those who have lost a sense of faith, and to those who are alienated.[43]

Declan O'Sullivan, co-founder of the Catholic Men's Fellowship and knight of the Sovereign Military Gild of Malta, wrote that the "New Evangelization emphasizes the personal come across with Jesus Christ as a pre-status for spreading the gospel. The born-again experience is not just an emotional, mystical high; the actually important thing is what happened in the convert's life after the moment or flow of radical change."[44]

Lutheranism [edit]

The Lutheran Church holds that "we are cleansed of our sins and built-in over again and renewed in Holy Baptism past the Holy Ghost. Simply she also teaches that whoever is baptized must, through daily contrition and repentance, drown The Old Adam then that daily a new man come up forth and arise who walks before God in righteousness and purity forever. She teaches that whoever lives in sins later his baptism has again lost the grace of baptism."[45]

Moravianism [edit]

With regard to the New Birth, the Moravian Church holds that a personal conversion to Christianity is a blithesome experience, in which the private "accepts Christ as Lord" afterward which religion "daily grows inside the person."[46] For Moravians, "Christ lived as a human being because he wanted to provide a blueprint for future generations" and "a converted person could endeavour to live in his image and daily become more like Jesus."[46] As such, "eye religion" characterizes Moravian Christianity.[46] The Moravian Church has historically emphasized evangelism, especially missionary work, to spread the faith.[47]

Anglicanism [edit]

The phrase built-in again is mentioned in the 39 Articles of the Anglican Church in article XV, entitled "Of Christ alone without Sin". In function, it reads: "sin, every bit Southward. John saith, was non in Him. But all we the residual, although baptized and born again in Christ, yet offend in many things: and if nosotros say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us."[48]

Although the phrase "baptized and built-in again in Christ" occurs in Article XV, the reference is clearly to the scripture passage in John three:3.[49]

Reformed [edit]

In Reformed theology, Holy Baptism is the sign and the seal of 1'due south regeneration, which is of condolement to the believer.[fifty] The fourth dimension of one's regeneration, however, is a mystery to oneself according to the Canons of Dort.[fifty]

According to the Reformed churches being born over again refers to "the inward working of the Spirit which induces the sinner to respond to the effectual call". Co-ordinate to the Westminster Shorter Catechism, Q 88, "the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption are, his ordinances, especially the give-and-take, sacraments, and prayer; all of which are fabricated effectual to the elect for salvation."[51] Effectual calling is "the work of God'due south Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he doth persuade and enable us to comprehend Jesus Christ, freely offered to u.s. in the gospel."[52] [53]

In Reformed theology, "regeneration precedes faith."[54] Samuel Storms writes that, "Calvinists insist that the sole cause of regeneration or existence built-in again is the will of God. God first sovereignly and efficaciously regenerates, and only in consequence of that do we act. Therefore, the individual is passive in regeneration, neither preparing himself nor making himself receptive to what God will do. Regeneration is a change wrought in the states by God, not an autonomous deed performed by us for ourselves."[55]

Quakerism [edit]

The Key Yearly Coming together of Friends, a Holiness Quaker denomination, teaches that regeneration is the "divine work of initial salvation (Tit. three:five), or conversion, which involves the accompanying works of justification (Rom. 5:18) and adoption (Rom. 8:15, xvi)."[3] In regeneration, which occurs in the New Birth], at that place is a "transformation in the center of the believer wherein he finds himself a new creation in Christ (II Cor. five:17; Col. 1:27)."[3]

Post-obit the New Nascency, George Fox taught the possibility of "holiness of heart and life through the instantaneous baptism with the Holy Spirit subsequent to the new birth" (cf. Christian perfection).[56]

Methodism [edit]

In Methodism, the "new birth is necessary for salvation considering it marks the move toward holiness. That comes with faith."[1] John Wesley, held that the New Birth "is that great change which God works in the soul when he brings information technology into life, when he raises information technology from the death of sin to the life of righteousness."[58] [1] In the life of a Christian, the new birth is considered the outset piece of work of grace.[59] In keeping with Wesleyan-Arminian covenant theology, the Manufactures of Religion, in Article XVII—Of Baptism, state that baptism is a "sign of regeneration or the new nascency."[threescore] The Methodist Visitor in describing this doctrine, admonishes individuals: "'Ye must be born again.' Yield to God that He may perform this work in and for you. Acknowledge Him to your heart. 'Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and yard shalt be saved.'"[61] [62] Methodist theology teaches that the New Birth contains two phases that occur together, justification and regeneration:[63]

Though these two phases of the new birth occur simultaneously, they are, in fact, two separate and singled-out acts. Justification is that gracious and judicial deed of God whereby a soul is granted complete absolution from all guilt and a total release from the penalty of sin (Romans 3:23-25). This act of divine grace is wrought past faith in the merits of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ (Romans 5:one). Regeneration is the impartation of divine life which is manifested in that radical change in the moral character of homo, from the love and life of sin to the honey of God and the life of righteousness (2 Corinthians v:17; 1 Peter 1:23). ―Principles of Faith, Emmanuel Clan of Churches[63]

Baptists [edit]

Baptists teach that a "person is born again when he/she repents of his/her sins and asks Jesus to forgive him/her and trust Jesus to serve him/her."[64] Those who take been born once again, according to Baptist instruction, know that they are "a child of God because the Holy Spirit witnesses to them that they are" (cf. assurance).[64]

Pentecostalism [edit]

Pentecost by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. Woodcut for "Dice Bibel in Bildern", 1860.

Holiness Pentecostals historically teach the new birth (beginning piece of work of grace), entire sanctification (2nd work of grace) and baptism with the Holy Spirit, as evidenced by glossolalia, as the third piece of work of grace.[65] [66] The New Nascency, according to Pentecostal teaching, imparts "spiritual life".[iv]

Jehovah's Witnesses [edit]

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that individuals do not have the power to choose to exist born again, but that God calls and selects his followers "from in a higher place".[67] Simply those belonging to the "144,000" are considered to be born over again.[68] [69]

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [edit]

The Book of Mormon emphasizes the need for everyone to be reborn of God.[70]

Disagreements between denominations [edit]

The term "born once again" is used by several Christian denominations, merely at that place are disagreements on what the term means, and whether members of other denominations are justified in claiming to exist born-again Christians.

Catholic Answers says:

Catholics should enquire [Evangelical] Protestants, "Are you lot built-in again—the mode the Bible understands that concept?" If the Evangelical has not been properly h2o baptized, he has non been born again "the Bible way," regardless of what he may call back.[71]

On the other mitt, an Evangelical site argues:

Another of many examples is the Cosmic who claims he also is "born again." ... However, what the committed Catholic means is that he received his spiritual birth when he was baptized—either every bit an infant or when every bit an adult he converted to Catholicism. That'south non what Jesus meant when He told Nicodemus he "must be born once more."[72] The deliberate adoption of biblical terms which have different meanings for Catholics has become an effective tool in Rome's ecumenical agenda.[73]

The Reformed view of regeneration may exist set apart from other outlooks in at least 2 ways.

First, classical Roman Catholicism teaches that regeneration occurs at baptism, a view known as baptismal regeneration. Reformed theology has insisted that regeneration may take place at any time in a person'southward life, even in the womb. It is non somehow the automatic result of baptism. 2nd, it is mutual for many other evangelical branches of the church building to speak of repentance and faith leading to regeneration (i.e., people are born over again just afterward they do saving religion). By contrast, Reformed theology teaches that original sin and total depravity deprive all people of the moral ability and will to exercise saving faith. ... Regeneration is entirely the piece of work of God the Holy Spirit - nosotros tin can do nothing on our own to obtain information technology. God lone raises the elect from spiritual death to new life in Christ.[74] [75]

History and usage [edit]

Historically, Christianity has used various metaphors to describe its rite of initiation, that is, spiritual regeneration via the sacrament of baptism by the power of the h2o and the spirit. This remains the common understanding in near of Christendom, held, for example, in Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Lutheranism,[45] Anglicanism,[76] and in other historic branches of Protestantism. However, sometime later the Reformation, Evangelicalism attributed greater significance to the expression born again [77] every bit an feel of religious conversion,[78] symbolized past deep-water baptism, and rooted in a commitment to one's ain personal organized religion in Jesus Christ for salvation. This same conventionalities is, historically, also an integral role of Methodist doctrine,[79] [80] and is continued with the doctrine of Justification.[81]

According to Encyclopædia Britannica:

'Rebirth' has often been identified with a definite, temporally datable class of 'conversion'. ... With the voluntaristic type, rebirth is expressed in a new alignment of the will, in the liberation of new capabilities and powers that were hitherto undeveloped in the person concerned. With the intellectual type, it leads to an activation of the capabilities for understanding, to the breakthrough of a "vision". With others information technology leads to the discovery of an unexpected beauty in the order of nature or to the discovery of the mysterious significant of history. With still others it leads to a new vision of the moral life and its orders, to a selfless realization of love of neighbour. ... each person affected perceives his life in Christ at any given time as "newness of life."[82]

Co-ordinate to J. Gordon Melton:

Born again is a phrase used by many Protestants to describe the phenomenon of gaining religion in Jesus Christ. It is an experience when everything they take been taught every bit Christians becomes real, and they develop a direct and personal relationship with God.[83]

According to Andrew Purves and Charles Partee:

Sometimes the phrase seems to be judgmental, making a stardom between genuine and nominal Christians. Sometimes ... descriptive, like the distinction between liberal and bourgeois Christians. Occasionally, the phrase seems historic, like the division between Cosmic and Protestant Christians. ... [the term] normally includes the notion of human option in salvation and excludes a view of divine election by grace alone.[84]

The term born once more has go widely associated with the evangelical Christian renewal since the belatedly 1960s, commencement in the United States and so around the world. Associated perchance initially with Jesus People and the Christian counterculture, born again came to refer to a conversion experience, accepting Jesus Christ as lord and savior in order to be saved from hell and given eternal life with God in sky, and was increasingly used as a term to identify devout believers.[12] By the mid-1970s, born again Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media equally office of the born again movement.

In 1976, Watergate conspirator Chuck Colson's book Born Over again gained international notice. Time mag named him "One of the 25 nearly influential Evangelicals in America."[85] The term was sufficiently prevalent so that during the year's presidential campaign, Autonomous party nominee Jimmy Carter described himself as "built-in over again" in the outset Playboy magazine interview of an American presidential candidate.

Colson describes his path to faith in conjunction with his criminal imprisonment and played a significant role in solidifying the "built-in again" identity as a cultural construct in the US. He writes that his spiritual experience followed considerable struggle and hesitancy to take a "personal encounter with God." He recalls:

while I sabbatum lone staring at the body of water I love, words I had not been certain I could understand or say brutal from my lips: "Lord Jesus, I believe in Yous. I accept Yous. Please come up into my life. I commit information technology to Yous." With these few words...came a sureness of mind that matched the depth of feeling in my heart. There came something more: forcefulness and quiet, a wonderful new assurance near life, a fresh perception of myself in the globe around me.[86]

Jimmy Carter was the showtime President of the United States to publicly declare that he was born-again, in 1976.[87] By the 1980 campaign, all three major candidates stated that they had been born again.[88]

Sider and Knippers[89] state that "Ronald Reagan'south election that autumn [was] aided by the votes of 61% of 'born-again' white Protestants."

The Gallup Organization reported that "In 2003, 42% of U.South. adults said they were born-again or evangelical; the 2004 per centum is 41%" and that, "Black Americans are far more likely to place themselves as born-again or evangelical, with 63% of blacks proverb they are born-once more, compared with 39% of white Americans. Republicans are far more than likely to say they are born-again (52%) than Democrats (36%) or independents (32%)."[90]

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, referring to several studies, reports "that 'born-again' identification is associated with lower back up for government anti-poverty programs." It too notes that "self-reported born-again" Christianity, "strongly shapes attitudes towards economic policy."[91]

Names which have been inspired by the term [edit]

The thought of "rebirth in Christ" has inspired[92] some common European forenames: French René/Renée, Dutch Renaat/Renate, Italian, Castilian, Portuguese and Croatian Renato/Renata, Latin Renatus/Renata, all of which mean "reborn", "born again".[93]

See too [edit]

  • Altar call – Tradition in some Christian churches
  • Baptismal regeneration – Doctrines held by major Christian denomination
  • Born-again virgin – Person who commits to abstinence after having had sexual intercourse
  • Child dedication – Act of induction of children
  • Jesus movement – Former evangelical Christian movement
  • Dvija – Twice-built-in status of Hindu male person afterward Upanayana
  • Evangelism – Preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ
  • Monergism – View inside Christian theology
  • Sinner's prayer – Evangelical Christian term referring to any prayer of repentance

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c Joyner, F. Belton (2007). United Methodist Questions, United Methodist Answers: Exploring Christian Faith. Westminster John Knox Printing. p. 39. ISBN9780664230395 . Retrieved ten April 2014. The new birth is necessary for salvation considering it marks the motility toward holiness. That comes with organized religion.
  2. ^ Cathcart, William (1883). The Baptist Encyclopaedia: A Lexicon of the Doctrines, Ordinances ... of the General History of the Baptist Denomination in All Lands, with Numerous Biographical Sketches...& a Supplement. 50. H. Everts. p. 834.
  3. ^ a b c Manual of Faith and Practice of Central Yearly Meeting of Friends. Key Yearly Meeting of Friends. 2018. p. 26.
  4. ^ a b Forest, William W. (1965). Civilization and Personality Aspects of the Pentecostal Holiness Organized religion. Mouton & Company. p. 18. ISBN978-3-11-204424-7.
  5. ^ a b Bornstein, Erica (2005). The spirit of evolution: Protestant NGOs, morality, and economic science in Zimbabwe. Stanford University Press. ISBN9780804753364 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. A senior staff member in Globe Vision's California office elaborated on the importance of being "born over again," emphasizing a fundamental "human relationship" between individuals and Jesus Christ: "...the importance of a personal relationship with Christ [is] that it'southward not just a matter of going to Christ or being baptized when you are an infant. We believe that people need to be regenerated. They need a spiritual rebirth. The need to be built-in again. ...You must be born again before you can see, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven."
  6. ^ a b Lever, A. B. (2007). And God Said... ISBN9781604771152 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. From speaking to other Christians I know that the distinction of a born once more believer is a personal experience of God that leads to a personal human relationship with Him.
  7. ^ Price, Robert Grand. (1993). Beyond Born Again: Toward Evangelical Maturity. Wildside Printing. ISBN9781434477484 . Retrieved xxx July 2011. I have a personal human relationship with Jesus Christ.
  8. ^ John iii:three-5
  9. ^ Danker, Frederick W., et al, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Attestation and Other Early on Christian Literature, tertiary ed (Chicago: University of Chicago,2010), 92. Specifically run across the first (from to a higher place) and 4th (over again, anew) meanings.
  10. ^ Jn 3:3 Cyberspace
  11. ^ Jn 3:3 Net
  12. ^ a b Mullen, MS., in Kurian, GT., The Encyclopedia of Christian Culture, J. Wiley & Sons, 2012, p. 302.
  13. ^ Jn 1:five
  14. ^ cf. Jn 1:12-13; 1Jn 2:29, 3:ix, 4:7, five:18
  15. ^ Hoskyns, Sir Edwyn C. and Davy, F.N.(ed), The Fourth Gospel, Faber & Faber 2d ed. 1947, pp. 211,212
  16. ^ 1Peter 1:22-23
  17. ^ a b Fisichella, SJ., Taking Away the Veil: To See Across the Curtain of Illusion, iUniverse, 2003, pp. 55-56.
  18. ^ Emmons, Samuel B. A Bible Dictionary. BiblioLife, 2008. ISBN 978-0-554-89108-eight.
  19. ^ 1Peter ane:23
  20. ^ Driscoll, James F. "Divine Promise (in Scripture)". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 15 November 2009.[i]
  21. ^ "Systematic Theology - Volume III - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". www.ccel.org . Retrieved eleven September 2019.
  22. ^ The New Testament Greek Dictionary. 30 July 2009.
  23. ^ Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. Woman in the Globe of Jesus. Philadelphia: Westminster Printing, 1978. ISBN 0-664-24195-6
  24. ^ Wesley, J., The works of the Reverend John Wesley, Methodist Episcopal Church, 1831, pp. 405–406.
  25. ^ LeFevre, CF. and Williamson, ID., The Gospel anchor. Troy, NY, 1831–32, p. 66. [2]
  26. ^ a b c Ehrman, Bart (2016). Jesus Before the Gospels: How the Earliest Christians Remembered, Changed, and Invented Their Stories of the Savior. HarperOne. pp. 108–109. ISBN978-0062285201.
  27. ^ "Biblical Errancy: The "Born Again" Dialogue In the Gospel of John". Biblical Errancy . Retrieved eleven September 2019.
  28. ^ The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, OUP, p16.
  29. ^ Joel C. Elworthy, Ed. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, New Attestation IVa, John 1-10 (Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 2007), p. 109-110
  30. ^ John three:three
  31. ^ John iii:5
  32. ^ John F. McHugh, John 1-iv, The International Critical Commentary (New York: T&T Clark, 2009), p. 227
  33. ^ CCC 1229
  34. ^ 2 Corinthians 5:17; 2 Peter 1:4
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External links [edit]

  • The New Birth, John Wesley, sermon No. 45. Wesley'due south teaching on being born once more, and argument that it is cardinal to Christianity.

williamswithatte.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_again

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