Clip Art Image of Casting a Wide Net Image of Two People Reeling in the Same Fish

Methods for catching body of water creatures, especially fish

Fishing techniques are methods for communicable fish. The term may also be applied to methods for catching other aquatic animals such as molluscs (shellfish, squid, octopus) and edible marine invertebrates.

Angling techniques include hand-gathering, spearfishing, netting, line-fishing and trapping. Recreational, commercial and artisanal fishers utilize unlike techniques, and also, sometimes, the same techniques. Recreational fishers fish for pleasance or sport, while commercial fishers fish for profit. Artisanal fishers use traditional, depression-tech methods, for survival in developing countries, and every bit a cultural heritage in other countries. Mostly, recreational fishers utilise angling methods and commercial fishers use netting methods.

There is an intricate link betwixt various fishing techniques and knowledge about the fish and their behaviour including migration, foraging and habitat. The effective use of line-fishing techniques often depends on this additional knowledge.^[one] Which techniques are appropriate is dictated mainly by the target species and by its habitat.^[2]

Fishing techniques tin exist contrasted with fishing tackle. Fishing tackle refers to the physical equipment that is used when fishing, whereas fishing techniques refers to the style in which the tackle is used when fishing.

Manus-gathering [edit]

It is possible to harvest many sea foods with minimal equipment past using the hands. Gathering seafood past mitt tin exist as easy every bit picking shellfish or kelp up off the beach, or doing some digging for clams or venereal. The primeval bear witness for shellfish gathering dates back to a 300,000-year-quondam site in France called Terra Amata. This is a hominid site as modern Human being sapiens did not appear in Europe until around 50,000 years agone.^[3] ^[iv]

Flounder tramping - Every August, the small Scottish village of Palnackie hosts the world flounder tramping championships where flounder are captured by stepping on them.
Noodling: Practiced in the United States, mostly in the S. The noodler places his hand within a catfish hole. If all goes equally planned, the catfish swims forward and latches onto the noodler'due south hand, and can then be dragged out of the hole, admitting with risk of injury to the noodler.^[five]
Pearl divers - traditionally harvested oysters by costless-diving to depths of thirty metres.^[vi] Today, free-diving recreational fishers catch lobster and abalone by hand.
Trout binning - Some other method of taking trout. Rocks in a rocky stream are struck with a sledgehammer. The forcefulness of the accident stuns the fish.^[7]
Trout tickling - In the British Isles, the practice of catching trout past paw is known as trout tickling; it is an art mentioned several times in the plays of Shakespeare.^[8]

Spearfishing [edit]

Spearfishing is an aboriginal method of angling conducted with an ordinary spear or a specialised variant such as a harpoon, trident, arrow or eel spear.^[nine] ^[ten] Some fishing spears use slings (or rubber loops) to propel the spear.

A Hupa man with his spear

Bowfishing - uses a bow and arrow to impale fish in shallow h2o from to a higher place.
Gigging - uses small trident type spears with long handles for gigging bullfrogs with a bright light at nighttime, or for gigging suckers and other rough fish in shallow h2o. Gigging is popular in the American Due south and Midwest.
Hawaiian slings - take a sling separate from the spear, in the way of an underwater bow and pointer.
Harpoons - Spearfishing with barbed poles was widespread in palaeolithic times.^[eleven] Cosquer Cave in Southern France contains cave fine art over 16,000 years erstwhile, including drawings of seals which appear to have been harpooned.
Motorway pole fishing and gaff fishing - Use handheld poles with sharp spikes to hit and impale fish.
Polespears - have a sling fastened to the spear.
Mod spearguns - traditional spearfishing is restricted to shallow waters, but the evolution of the speargun has made the method much more than efficient. With practice, divers are able to agree their breath for up to iv minutes and sometimes longer. Of course, a diver with underwater breathing equipment can dive for much longer periods.
Tridents - are three-pronged spears. They are also chosen leisters or gigs. They are used for spear fishing and were formerly too a military machine weapon. They feature widely in early mythology and history.

Netting [edit]

Angling nets are meshes usually formed by knotting a relatively thin thread. About 180 AD the Greek author Oppian wrote the Halieutica, a didactic poem about angling. He described various means of angling including the use of nets cast from boats, scoop nets held open by a hoop, and various traps "which work while their masters slumber".

Netting is the principal method of commercial fishing, though longlining, trolling, dredging and traps are too used.

A fisherman casting a internet in Kerala, India

Oil painting of gillnetting, The salmon fisher by Eilif Peterssen

Bandage nets - are circular nets with small weights distributed around the edge. They are likewise called throw nets. The net is cast or thrown by hand in such a style that it spreads out on the water and sinks. Fish are caught as the net is hauled dorsum in.^[12] This simple device has been in use, with various modifications, for thousands of years.
Migrate nets - are nets which are not anchored. They are usually gillnets, and are commonly used in the littoral waters of many countries. Their utilise on the loftier seas is prohibited, just notwithstanding occurs.
Ghost nets - are nets that accept been lost at bounding main. They tin be a menace to marine life for many years.
Gillnets - catch fish which try to laissez passer through by snagging on the gill covers. Trapped, the fish can neither advance through the net nor retreat.
Haaf nets - mainly used in the Solway Firth forming part of the border betwixt England and Scotland. Brought to Great Uk by the Vikings a yard years agone, the technique involves the fisherman wading out to deep waters with a big rectangular net and waiting for salmon to swim into it. The fish is then scooped up by the raising of the net.
Hand nets - are pocket-sized nets held open up by a hoop. They have been used since antiquity. They are likewise chosen scoop nets, and are used for scooping up fish nearly the surface of the h2o. They may or may not have a handle–if they accept a long handle they are called dip nets. When used by anglers to help land fish they are called landing nets.^[thirteen] Because hand netting is non destructive to fish, hand nets are used for tag and release, or capturing aquarium fish.
Elevator nets - are a method of angling using nets that are submerged to a sure depth and then lifted out of the water vertically. The nets can be apartment or shaped like a pocketbook, a rectangle, a pyramid, or a cone. Elevator nets tin exist hand-operated, boat-operated, or shore-operated. They typically use bait or a light-source equally a fish-attractor.^[14]
- Cheena vala - are shore operated lift nets from India.^[15] Huge mechanical contrivances hold out horizontal nets with diameters of 20 metres or more. The nets are dipped into the water and raised again, but otherwise cannot exist moved. Its proper name ways "Chinese fishing internet", though it originates from Southeast Asia.
- Salambaw - a type of traditional raft or barge-operated large lift nets from the Philippines. Information technology utilizes a tall upright pole or a tower structure (timba) around 15 to 20 m (49 to 66 ft) in height. At the tiptop of the pole are 2 large curving spars crossed with each other. A large square internet is attached to the ends of these spars. The pole acts as a crane, information technology can exist tilted to submerge the net using a weighted lever mechanism. The operator either pushes or pulls the lever, or climbs on information technology to bring it down with their body weight, thus raising the pole. A variation of the salambaw operated from large outrigger boats is known equally basnigan.^[16]
Seine nets - are large fishing nets that can be arranged in dissimilar means. In purse seining line-fishing the net hangs vertically in the water past attaching weights along the bottom border and floats forth the top. Danish seining is a method which has some similarities with trawling. A elementary and commonly used fishing technique is beach seining, where the seine cyberspace is operated from the shore.
Surrounding nets -
Tangle nets - likewise known equally tooth nets, are similar to gillnets except they have a smaller mesh size designed to catch fish by the teeth or upper jaw bone instead of by the gills.^[17]
Trawl nets - are large nets, conical in shape, designed to be towed in the sea or along the bounding main bottom. The trawl is pulled through the water by one or more boats, chosen trawlers. The activity of pulling the trawl through the water is called trawling.

Angling [edit]

Angling is a method of line-fishing past ways of an "bending" (hook). The hook is usually fastened to a line, and is sometimes weighed downwards by a sinker and then it sinks in the water. This is the archetype "claw, line and sinker" arrangement, used in line-fishing since prehistoric times. The hook is unremarkably baited with lures or allurement fish.

Additional arrangements include the use of a fishing rod, which can be fitted with a reel, and functions as a delivery mechanism for casting the line. Other delivery methods for projecting the line include line-fishing kites and cannons, kontiki rafts and remote controlled devices. Floats can besides be used to help fix the line or function every bit seize with teeth indicators. The hook tin be dressed with lures or allurement. Angling is the principal method of sport fishing, merely commercial fisheries too use line-fishing methods involving multiple hooks, such as longlining or commercial trolling.

Line line-fishing [edit]

Line fishing is angling with a line-fishing line. A fishing line is whatsoever cord made for fishing. Important parameters of a line-fishing line are its length, textile, and weight (thicker, sturdier lines are more visible to fish). Factors that may decide what line an angler chooses for a given fishing environment include breaking force, knot strength, UV resistance, castability, limpness, stretch, abrasion resistance, and visibility.

Modern fishing lines are usually made from artificial substances. The almost mutual type is monofilament, made of a single strand. There are besides braided line-fishing lines and thermally fused superlines.

Droplining - a dropline consists of a long fishing line set vertically down into the water, with a serial of baited hooks Droplines accept a weight at the lesser and a bladder at the pinnacle. They are not commonly as long as longlines and have fewer hooks.
Handlining - is fishing with a unmarried angling line, baited with lures or bait fish, which is held in the hands. Handlining tin exist done from boats or from the shore. It is used mainly to catch groundfish and squid, but smaller pelagic fish can too be caught.
Pahila - is a traditional method of shoreline trolling in the Philippines. Information technology uniquely uses baited hooks tied to a laterally flattened float called palyaw shaped like a small outrigger boat, a catamaran, or a fish. A long line is attached to the float. It is gear up unto the water's border and dragged past someone running or walking forth the beach. The combination of the water resistance and the diagonal pull forces the bladder outwards into deeper waters, like a kite. One time it reaches its maximum line length, it moves rapidly parallel to the person pulling information technology forth the beach. Information technology is pulled back to the shore intermittently to check for catches. Pahila literally means "pulled". It is also called subid-subid , sibid-sibid , paguyod , pahinas , hilada, or saliwsiw , amid other names, in other Philippine languages.^[18] ^[nineteen] ^[xx]
Jiggerpole - is a method of fishing for bass. It'due south built on using a cane pole with the line of at to the lowest degree 30lb. test, tied well down at the pole of about iii quarters length in the typical cane pole manner, and then securely at the tip with about a pes to pes and a one-half length to drop in the water. Place a hinge on the stop of the line. The play tricks is to linger the lure in a specific area going back and forth, maneuvering the tip of the cane pole in the water causing a noise to attract a bass to see a jig getting after a ripple of water the pole tip is causing.
Jigging - is the do of angling with a jig, a type of fishing lure. A jig consists of a pb sinker with a hook molded into it and usually covered by a soft body to attract fish. Jigs are intended to create a jerky, vertical motility, every bit opposed to spinnerbaits which move through the water horizontally.
Longlining - is a commercial technique that uses a long heavy line-fishing line with a series of hundreds or even thousands of baited hooks hanging from the main line by means of branch lines called "snoods". Longlines are commonly operated from specialised boats called longliners. They use a special winch to booty in the line, and can operate in deeper waters targeting pelagic species such as swordfish, tuna, halibut and sablefish.

Slabbing: is a bass fishing technique, that involves repetitively lifting and dropping a flat lure, usually fabricated of 1 to 2.5 oz of lead painted to expect like a baitfish (or heavy slabs of metallic), through a school of actively feeding fish that the angler has located on a fishfinder. Used on white and striped bass in the reservoirs of the southern Usa.
Trolling - is line-fishing with one or more than baited lines which are drawn through the water. This may be washed by pulling the line behind a slow moving boat, or past slowly winding the line in when fishing from the state. Trolling is used to take hold of pelagic fish such as mackerel and kingfish.

External images
Pelagic longline
Dropline
Trotline for catfish

Trotlining - a trotline is like a dropline, except that a dropline has a serial of hooks suspended vertically in the water, while a trotline has a serial of hooks suspended horizontally in the h2o. Trotlines can exist physically gear up in many ways, such equally tying each end to something fixed, and adjusting the set of the rest of the line with weights and floats. They are used for catching crabs or fish, such as catfish, particularly across rivers.

Angling with a rod [edit]

An angler in his float tube plays a hooked pike.

Fishing rods give more control of the line-fishing line. The rod is usually fitted with a fishing reel which functions equally a mechanism for storing, retrieving and paying out the line. Floats may also be used, and can office as bite indicators. The hook can be dressed with lures or bait.

Bank fishing - fishing from river banks and similar shorelines. Bank fishing is unremarkably performed with a fishing rod and reel, although nets, traps, and spears tin can as well exist used. People who fish from a boat tin sometimes access more areas in prime locations with greater ease than bank fishermen. However many people don't ain boats and find fishing from the banking concern has its own advantages. Bank fishing has its own requirements, and many things come into play for success, such as local knowledge, h2o depth, bank construction, location, time of day, and the blazon of bait and lures.
Casting - the act of throwing the fishing line out over the water using a flexible fishing rod. The usual technique is for the angler to quickly flick the rod from behind toward the h2o.^[21] Casting is also a sport offshoot to fishing, much as shooting is to hunting. The sport is supervised past the International Casting Sport Federation, which sponsors tournaments and recognizes world records for accuracy and distance. Some variations of the technique exist, such as Surf angling, the Attain cast, and Spey casting.
Float tubes - small-scale doughnut-shaped boats with an underwater seat in the "hole". Float tubes are used for fly fishing and enable the angler to reach deeper water without splashing and agonizing stillwater fish.
Fly line-fishing - the use of artificial flies every bit lures. These are cast with specially constructed fly rods and wing lines. The fly line (today, almost always coated with plastic) is heavy plenty cast in order to send the fly to the target. Artificial flies vary dramatically in size, weight and colour. Fly fishing is a distinct and ancient angling method, most renowned as a method for catching trout and salmon, but employed today for a wide variety of species including thruway, bass, panfish, and carp, as well as marine species, such as redfish, snook, tarpon, bonefish and striped bass. There is a growing population of anglers whose aim is to grab as many different species as possible with the fly.
Tenkara fishing - Tenkara is a form of fly fishing that originated in Japan over 200 years agone. It was originally washed with a bamboo pole between 12' and twenty' with the line tied direct on the tip of the rod requiring no reel. Modern tenkara rods are usually made of graphite and are telescopic. Unlike western mode wing fishing tenkara uses either a tapered line or a level line and forgoes the PVC coated wing line-fishing line. Typical target species include trout and char merely nigh smaller freshwater species tin be defenseless by this method.
Rock fishing - line-fishing from rocky outcrops into the sea. Information technology is a popular pastime in Australia and New Zealand. It tin can be a unsafe pastime and claims many lives each year.
Pitch Fishing - also known every bit "pitching" or "pitch fishing," is a technique designed to evangelize the lure quietly and at a altitude over the h2o. The lure will fly high and far out over the water, landing in a loud splash. Pitch fishing involves sending the lure out a lower bending, and thus making a smaller splash but however loud equally noted in the previous sentence, which will hopefully not scare the fish.^[22]
Surfcasting - fishing from a shoreline using a rod to bandage into the surf. With few exceptions, surf angling is done in saltwater, oft from a embankment. The basic idea of well-nigh surfcasting is to cast a bait or lure as far out into the water equally is necessary to reach the target fish from the shore. This may or may not require long casting distances and muscular techniques. Basic surf fishing tin be done with a surfcasting rod between seven and twelve feet long, with an extended barrel section, equipped with an appropriate spinning or conventional casting reel. Dedicated surfcasters usually possess an assortment of terminal and other tackle, with rods and reels of different lengths and deportment, and lures and baits of unlike weights and capabilities. Depending on fishing conditions and the fish they are targeting, such surfcasters tailor bait and concluding tackle to rod and reel and the size and species of the fish. Reels and other equipment demand to exist constructed so they resist the corrosive and abrasive effects of salt and sand.

Other angling [edit]

Bottom angling - is fishing the lesser of a body of h2o. In the United kingdom it is called "ledgering". A common rig for line-fishing on the lesser is a weight tied to the finish of the line, with a hook about an inch up line from the weight. The method can be used both with mitt lines and rods. There are fishing rods specialized for bottom fishing, called "donkas". The weight is used to cast or throw the line an appropriate distance. Lesser fishing can exist done both from boats and from the land. It targets groundfish such as sucker fish, bream, catfish, and crappie.
Ice fishing - is the exercise of catching fish with lines and hooks through an opening in the ice on a frozen body of h2o. Information technology is practised by hunter-gatherers such as the Inuit and past anglers in other common cold or continental climates.
Kayak fishing - has a long history, and has gained popularity in recent times. Many of the techniques used are the same as those used on other line-fishing boats, apart from difference is in the set-up, how each slice of equipment is fitted to the kayak, and how each activity is carried out on such a pocket-sized arts and crafts.
Kite fishing has long been used in China and by the people of New Republic of guinea and other Pacific Islands. Kites tin provide the fishermen access to waters that would otherwise exist bachelor simply with boats. Similarly, for boat owners, kites provide a style to fish in areas where information technology is not safe to navigate such as shallows or coral reefs where fish may be plentiful. Kites can also exist used for trolling a lure through the water. Suitable kites may be of very simple construction. Those of Tobi Island are a large foliage stiffened past the ribs of the fronds of the coconut palm. The angling line may be fabricated from coconut fibre and the lure made from spiders webs.^[23] Modern kitefishing is popular in New Zealand, where big delta kites of synthetic materials are used to fish from beaches,^[24] taking a line and hooks far out past the breakers. Kite fishing is too emerging in Melbourne where sled kites are becoming pop, both off beaches and off boats and in freshwater areas. The disabled community are increasingly using the kites for line-fishing as they allow mobility impaired people to cast the allurement further out than they would otherwise be able to.
Kontiki Fishing - is the practice of using either a Kontiki sailing raft, or a modern motorised torpedo device to pull a longline (up to 25 hooks) from the beach up to two g metres offshore. This method of fishing is very popular on the surf beaches of New Zealand. The electric kontikis can also be used to pull surfcasting lines and baits offshore, before releasing them to fish. Modern electrical kontikis use electric trolling motors, lithium batteries and GPS controlled autopilots, and electrical winches are used to retrieve the line, hooks and kontiki back to shore.
Boat anglers - Fishing is unremarkably washed either from a boat or from a shoreline or river bank. When angling from a boat, pretty much any fishing technique tin can be used, from nets to fish traps, but some class of line-fishing is by far the virtually common. Compared to fishing from the land, fishing from a boat allows more access to dissimilar fishing grounds and different species of fish. Some tackle is specialised for boat anglers, such equally sea rods.
Remote command fishing - Line-fishing tin can too be washed using a remote controlled boat. This blazon of fishing is commonly referred to as RC fishing. The boat is unremarkably one to iii feet long and runs on a modest DC battery. A radio transmitter controls the boat. The fisherman connects the line-fishing line/bait to the boat; drives it; navigating the water by manipulating the remote controller. The technique is growing in popularity.
Drone line-fishing - Rod fishing assisted by a drone, the drone tin be a flying blazon or underwater type, it tin be remote controlled by a human, computer, AI or a combination of the three simultaneously. The drone is used to picket for fish via camera, carry the hook to a far off location, cast the hook, reel in the fish and return. The caste of assistance is adaptable based on the model and configuration of drone used. This technique tin can be used to catch fish normally requiring a boat.

Trapping [edit]

A typical wooden fish wheel

Traps are culturally almost universal and seem to have been independently invented many times. In that location are essentially two types of trap, a permanent or semi-permanent structure placed in a river or tidal expanse and pot-traps that are baited to attract prey and periodically lifted.

Artisanal techniques
- Dam line-fishing - An artisanal technique called dam fishing is used by the Baka pygmies. This involves the construction of a temporary dam resulting in a drop in the water levels downstream—allowing fish to exist easily collected.^[25]
Basket weir fish traps - were widely used in ancient times. They are shown in medieval illustrations and surviving examples accept been found. Basket weirs are well-nigh 2 m long and comprise two wicker cones, one inside the other—piece of cake to get into and hard to become out.^[26]
Fishing weir - In medieval Europe, large fishing weir structures were constructed from wood posts and wattle fences. 'V' shaped structures in rivers could be equally long as 60 metres and worked by directing fish towards fish traps or nets. Such fish traps were patently controversial in medieval England. The Magna Carta includes a clause requiring that they be removed: "All fish-weirs shall be removed from the Thames, the Medway, and throughout the whole of England, except on the sea coast". ^[27]
Fish wheels - operate aslope streams, much as a water-powered mill wheel. A wheel complete with baskets and paddles is attached to a floating dock. The bicycle rotates due to the electric current of the stream. The baskets on the wheel capture fish travelling upstream and transfer them into a holding tank. When the holding tank is full, the fish are removed.
Lobster traps - also called lobster pots, are traps used to take hold of lobsters. They resemble fish traps, yet are unremarkably smaller and consist of several sections. Lobster traps are also used to catch other crustaceans, such equally crabs and crayfish. They can be constructed in various shapes, but the design strategy is to brand the entry into the trap much easier than exit. The pots are baited and lowered into the h2o and checked frequently. Historically lobster pots were constructed with wood or metal. Today most traps are fabricated from checky wire and mesh. It is common for the trap to exist weighted downwards with bricks. A bait purse is hung in the eye of the trap. In theory the lobster walks up the mesh and and so falls into the wire trap. Bait varies from captain to captain but it is common to utilize herring. In commercial lobstering five to ten of these traps volition be connected with line. A buoy marks each terminate of the string of pots. Two buoys are important to make retrieval easier and and so captains don't set their traps over each other. Each buoy is painted differently so the various captains can place their traps.

Animals [edit]

Chinese man with fishing cormorant.

Cooperative human-dolphin fisheries date back to the ancient Roman author and natural philosopher Pliny the Elder.^[28] A modern man-dolphin fishery all the same takes place in Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil and a few other places in the world. In Laguna, men stand up in shallow waters of the lagoon, or sit in canoes, forming a line, and waiting for the dolphins to appear. I or more resident dolphins drives fish towards the waiting fishermen. So at a critical moment when the dolphins are close enough to the fishermen, one dolphin emerges from the h2o for an average duration of 1.4 seconds,^[29] performing a unique sequence of movements non otherwise seen in the wild. This sequence serves every bit a bespeak to the fishermen to bandage their throw nets. The dolphins and then feed off the fish that manage to escape the nets.^[30] ^[31] In this unique form of line-fishing, the dolphins gain considering the fish are disoriented and considering the fish cannot escape to shallow waters where the larger dolphins cannot attain them. Likewise, studies prove that fishermen casting their nets following the unique betoken catch more fish than when fishing alone, without the involvement of the dolphins.^[32]
Cormorant fishing - In China and Nihon, the exercise of cormorant fishing is idea to date dorsum some 1300 years. Fishermen use the natural fish-hunting instincts of the cormorants to catch fish, but a metallic ring placed round the bird's neck prevents large, valuable fish from beingness swallowed. The fish are instead nerveless by the fisherman.^[33]
Frigatebirds fishing - The people of Republic of nauru used trained frigatebirds to fish on reefs.
Portuguese Water Dogs - Dating from the 16th century in Portugal, Portuguese Water Dogs were used past fishermen to send letters between boats, to retrieve fish and articles from the water, and to guard the angling boats. Labrador Retrievers have been used by fishermen to assistance in bringing nets to shore; the dog would grab the floating corks on the ends of the nets and pull them to shore.
Remora line-fishing - The practice of tethering a remora, a sucking fish, to a fishing line and using the remora to capture ocean turtles probably originated in the Indian Ocean. The earliest surviving records of the practice are Peter Martyr d'Anghera'southward 1511 accounts of the second voyage of Columbus to the New World (1494).^[34] However, these accounts are probably apocryphal, and based on earlier, no longer extant accounts from the Indian Body of water region.

Other techniques [edit]

Scientists carrying out a population and species survey using electrofishing equipment

A laksegiljer in Osterfjord, Norway

Basnig - a traditional method of fishing in the Philippines that combines the use of bag nets and attracting fish with high-powered lamps. Specialized outrigger boats known as basnigan are used.
Electrofishing - is another recently developed technique, primarily used in freshwater by fisheries scientists. Electrofishing uses electricity to stun fish so they tin can be caught. It is usually used in scientific surveys, sampling fish populations for abundance, density, and species composition. When performed correctly, electrofishing results in no permanent damage to fish, which return to their natural state a few minutes after being stunned.
Fish accumulation devices - are human-made objects used to attract pelagic fish such equally marlin, tuna and mahi-mahi (dolphin fish). They ordinarily consist of buoys or floats tethered to the ocean flooring with concrete blocks.
- Lampuki nets - are an example of a traditional artisanal use of nets. Since Roman times, Maltese fishers have cutting the larger, lower fronds from palm trees which they and then weave into large flat rafts. The rafts are pulled out to sea by a luzzu, a small traditional line-fishing boat. In the middle of the 24-hour interval, lampuki fish (the Maltese proper name for mahi-mahi) school underneath the rafts, seeking the shade, and are caught by the fishers using big mesh nets.
Dredging - There are types of dredges used for collecting scallops, oysters or ocean cucumbers from the seabed. They have the form of a scoop made of concatenation mesh and they are towed past a angling boat. Dredging can be subversive to the seabed, because the marine life is unable to survive the weight of the dredge. It is extremely detrimental to coral beds since they take centuries to rebuild themselves. Unmonitored dredging tin be compared to unmonitored forest clearing, where information technology can wipe out ecosystems. Nowadays, this method of fishing is frequently replaced by mariculture or by scuba diving.
Fish finders - are electronic sonar devices which indicate the presence of fish and fish schools. They are widely used past recreational fishermen. Commercially, they are used with other electronic locating and positioning devices.
Fishing low-cal attractors - use lights attached (to a higher place or underwater) to some construction to attract fish and bait fish. Fishing low-cal attractor are operated every night. After a while, fish discover the increased concentration of allurement surrounding the light. Once located, the fish return regularly, and can be harvested.
Flossing - also called bottom bouncing. A method of angling usually used for salmon. It uses a hook and bait attached to a weighted bouncer dragged along the lesser of a stream or river.
Harvesting machines - have recently been developed for commercial fishing. Harvesting machines use pumps to pump fish out of the sea. Dredges take also been mechanized and so that they directly transfer mollusks to the surface every bit are dredged.
Payaos - a blazon of fish aggregating device used in Southeast Asia, particularly in the Philippines. Payaos were traditionally bamboo rafts for handline fishing earlier World War Ii, but modern steel payaos apply fish lights and fish location sonar to increase yields. While payaos fishing is sustainable on a small scale, the large scale, modern applications have been linked to agin impacts on fish stocks.
Shrimp baiting - is a method used by recreational fisherman for of catching shrimp. It uses a cast cyberspace, bait and long poles. The poles are used to mark a specific location and so bait is thrown in the h2o near the pole. After several minutes the bandage net is thrown as close to the allurement as possible and shrimp are caught in the net. In the 1980s the sport became pop in the southeastern coastal states of the US.
Laksegiljer - pocket-sized cabins standing on stilts where a fisherman sits. This method of fishing entails a internet where the opening is controlled by a line tied to a stone. Under the cabin on the seabed is a white plank. When a salmon swim across the plank, the fisherman sees it and throws the rock into the water so the line closes the opening of the internet, trapping the salmon. In Kingdom of norway this method of fishing is banned, but in Osterfjord locals can obtain a special permit to use this method in lodge to maintain the onetime traditions.

Destructive techniques [edit]

Subversive angling practices are practices that easily result in irreversible damage to aquatic habitats and ecosystems. Many fishing techniques can be subversive if used inappropriately, but some practices are particularly probable to result in irreversible impairment. These practices are mostly, though not always, illegal. Where they are illegal, they are often inadequately enforced. Some examples are:

Smash fishing [edit]

Dynamite or blast fishing is done easily and cheaply with dynamite or homemade bombs made from locally available materials. Fish are killed by the shock from the blast and are then skimmed from the surface or collected from the bottom. The explosions indiscriminately kill large numbers of fish and other marine organisms in the vicinity and can damage or destroy the physical environment. Explosions are particularly harmful to coral reefs.^[35] Blast angling is too illegal in many waterways effectually the earth.

Lesser trawling [edit]

Bottom trawling is trawling (towing a trawl, which is a fishing net) along the bounding main floor. It is also referred to as "dragging". The scientific community divides bottom trawling into benthic trawling and demersal trawling. Benthic trawling is towing a cyberspace at the very bottom of the ocean and demersal trawling is towing a cyberspace but above the benthic zone. Bottom trawling targets both bottom-living fish (groundfish) and semi-pelagic species such as cod, squid, shrimp, and rockfish.

Bottom fishing has operated for over a century on heavily fished grounds such as the North Body of water and Grand Banks. While overfishing has long been recognised every bit causing major ecological changes to the fish community on the Thou Banks, business organization has been raised more recently about the harm which benthic trawling inflicts upon seabed communities.^[36] A species of item business organisation is the irksome growing, deep water coral Lophelia pertusa. This species is home to a diverse community of deep sea organisms, but is easily damaged by angling gear. On 17 November 2004, the Un General Assembly urged nations to consider temporary bans on high seas bottom trawling.^[37]

Cyanide fishing [edit]

Cyanide fishing is a method of collecting live fish mainly for use in aquariums, which involves spraying a sodium cyanide mixture into the desired fish's habitat in society to stun the fish. The do hurts not only the target population, merely besides many other marine organisms, including coral and thus coral reefs.

Recent studies take shown that the combination of cyanide use and stress of mail capture treatment results in mortality of upwards to 75% of the organisms within less than 48 hours of capture. With such high bloodshed numbers, a greater number of fish must be caught in order to offset post catch expiry.

Muro-ami [edit]

Muro-ami is a subversive artisan fishing method employed on coral reefs in Southeast Asia. An encircling net is used with pounding devices, such as large stones fitted on ropes that are pounded onto the coral reefs. They can too consist of big heavy blocks of cement suspended above the sea by a crane fitted to the vessel. The pounding devices are repeatedly lowered into the area encircled by the net, smashing the coral into small fragments in order to scare the fish out of their coral refuges. The "burdensome" consequence on the coral heads has been described equally having long-lasting and practically totally destructive effects.^[38]

History [edit]

Ancient remains of spears, hooks and fish net take been institute in ruins of the Rock Age. The people of the early civilization drew pictures of nets and fishing lines in their arts (Parker 2002). Early on hooks were made from the upper bills of eagles and from bones, shells, horns and plant thorns. Spears were tipped with the aforementioned materials, or sometimes with flints. Lines and nets were made from leaves, constitute stalk and cocoon silk. Literature on the indigenous fishing practices is very scanty. Baines (1992) documented traditional fisheries in the Solomon Islands. Use of the herbal fish poisons in communicable fishes from fresh water and sea documented from New Caledonia (Dahl 1985). John (1998) documented fishing techniques and overall life style of the Mukkuvar line-fishing Community of Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, India. Tribal people using various plants for medicinal and various purposes (Rai et al. 2000; Singh et al. 1997; Lin 2005) extends the utilize notion for herbal fish stupefying plants. Use of the fish poisons is very sometime practice in the history of human kind. In 1212, Rex Frederick II prohibited the use of sure constitute piscicides, and by the 15th century similar laws had been decreed in other European countries equally well (Wilhelm 1974). All over the globe, indigenous people utilise diverse fish poisons to kill the fishes, documented in America (Jeremy 2002) and among Tarahumara Indian (Gajdusek 1954).

Notes [edit]

^ Keegan, William F (1986) The Optimal Foraging Analysis of Horticultural Production American Anthropologist, New Serial, Vol. 88, No. 1., pp. 92-107.
^ F.T.D. Website (2013) Fishing Tips and Techniques - Retrieved on 2013-24-07
^ Szabo
^ Szabo, Katherine Prehistoric Shellfish gathering.
^ Snopes Urban Legend Website on Noodling
^ Catelle, W. R. (1457). "Methods of Angling". The Pearl: Its Story, Its Amuse, and Its Value. Philadelphia & London: J. B. Lippincott Visitor. p. 171.
^ Trout binning in The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 12, Issue 328, Baronial 23, 1828, Projection Gutenberg.
^ "Trout Tickling: Catching a Fish with Blank Hands". Retrieved 28 September 2014.
^ Image of an eel spear.
^ Spear fishing for eels Archived 2009-08-13 at the Wayback Auto.
^ Guthrie, Dale Guthrie (2005) The Nature of Paleolithic Art. Page 298. University of Chicago Printing. ISBN 0-226-31126-0
^ Dunbar, Jeffery A (2001) Casting net NC Littoral fishing. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
^ Fishing Tools - Landing Nets Archived 2008-09-fifteen at the Wayback Machine
^ "Elevator Nets". Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
^ Shore operated stationary elevator nets
^ Vicente C. Aldaba (1932). "Fishing methods in Manila Bay". The Philippine Journal of Science. 47 (three): 405–424.
^ Selective Fishing Methods Washington Section of Fish and Wildlife. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
^ Umali, Agustin F. (1948). "Guide to the Classification of Angling Gear in the Philippines". Fish and Wild animals Service Research Report (17).
^ "Super Effective Technique for Embankment Angling! Quick catch using Improvised Miniature boat!". Youtube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
^ Kawamura, Gunzo; Bagarinao, Teodora (1980). "Fishing Methods and Gears in Panay Isle,Philippines" (PDF). Memoirs of Faculty of Fisheries Kagoshima University. 29: 81–121.
^ C. Boyd Pfeiffer (1999). Fly Angling Saltwater Basics: Saltwater Basics. Stackpole Books. ISBN0-8117-2763-7.
^ J. Walker Network (2013). "pitch fishing". www.theoutdooractivity.com. Retrieved 2014-04-21 .
^ KiteLines Fall 1977 (Vol. i No. 3) Articles on Kite Fishing Archived 2006-06-thirteen at the Wayback Motorcar.
^ Big Dropper Rigs
^ Dam Fishing Archived 2012-07-20 at the Wayback Machine^{[ failed verification ]} Angling techniques of the Baka.
^ Shooting and Fishing the Trent Archived 2007-01-25 at the Wayback Motorcar, aboriginal fish traps.
^ The Text of Magna Carta, meet paragraph 33.
^ Thou.B. Santos, R. Fernández, A. López, J.A. Martínez and Chiliad.J. Pierce (2007), Variability in the diet of bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, in Galician waters, due north-western Spain, 1990 – 2005 (.pdf), commodity retrieved April three, 2007.
^ Dr. Moti Nissani. "The Dolphins of Laguna".
^ The Telegraph (2006), Brazil's sexiest secret, article retrieved March 11, 2007.
^ Dr. Moti Nissani (2007) Bottlenose Dolphins in Laguna Requesting a Throw Net (video). Supporting material for Dr. Nissani'due south presentation at the 2007 International Ethological Briefing. Video retrieved February 13, 2008.
^ Simões-Lopes, Paulo C.; Fabián, Marta E.; Menegheti, João O. (1998). "Dolphin interactions with the mullet artisanal fishing on southern Brazil: a qualitative and quantitative approach". Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 15 (3): 709–726. doi:10.1590/s0101-81751998000300016.
^ Cormorant line-fishing: history and technique Archived 2007-04-28 at the Wayback Auto.
^ De Orbe Novo, Volume 1, The Eight Decades of Peter Martyr D'Anghera, Project Gutenberg.
^ Explosions In The Cretan Sea: The scourge of illegal fishing -- angling with explosives.
^ "Beam trawling on the North Sea". Greenpeace. Archived from the original on 2008-12-10. Retrieved 2009-01-12 .
^ United Nations General Assembly Session 59 Verbatim Study 56. A/59/PV.56 page 4. Ms. Kimball International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 17 November 2004. Retrieved 2009-05-09.
^ FAO: Destructive angling practices

References [edit]

FAO: Line-fishing gears and methods
FAO: Fact Sheets: Fishing Technique
FAO: Fact Sheets: Fishing Gear type
FAO: (1964) Modern Angling Gear Of The World ii Line-fishing News Books. Resulting from the first FAO Fishing Gear Congress held in Hamburg in 1957. Download PDF (69MB)
FAO: (1971) Modern Fishing Gear Of The World three: Fish finding, bag seining and aimed trawling Fishing News Books. Editor Hilmar Kristjohsson. Download PDF (56MB)
Seafood Lookout: Fishing gear fact cards Retrieved 23 January 2012.

External links [edit]

UN Atlas of the Oceans: Fish capture technology
Fishing & Farming Methods Seafood Sentry, Monterey Bay Aquarium.
New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries: Fishing methods
Fishing Techniques
Images of fish and fishermen on Roman mosaics in Hellenic republic

Clip Art Image of Casting a Wide Net Image of Two People Reeling in the Same Fish

Manus-gathering [edit]

Spearfishing [edit]

Netting [edit]